Drawing the ray diagrams is an ideal way to illustrate the formation of images by spherical mirrors. When the eyes receive these light waves, it looks as if the waves are diverging from behind the mirror, making it appear as if the object is behind the mirror as well. Lenses and mirrors, ap physics 2 flashcards quizlet. Jun 16, 2016 in this video i will introduce the objects, focal points, images of the converging and diverging lenses, and concave and convex mirrors. The focal length, f, is the distance between f and the lens. You can skip questions if you would like and come back. It is easiest to concentrate on only three types of imagesthen remember that concave mirrors act like convex lenses, whereas convex mirrors act like concave lenses. When light falls on a highly polished surface like a mirror most of the light is sent back into the same medium. How can you tell by looking whether an image formed by a single lens or mirror is real or virtual. Mirrors, which have curved surfaces designed to reflect rays, also form images.
These mirrors are made by coating one side of a sheet of glass with a very thin, very lightly reflective material. Two types of image formed by mirrors are real image and virtual image. Ray, coming from first mirror turns back with same path after reflecting from second mirror. Convex mirror whose outer surface is reflecting,it forms virtual image and is used to get magnified image,while concave mirror whose inner surface is reflecting,it forms real and virtual images and its is used to get small images. In this trivia questions quiz, you will get to learn some more about the different lenses and mirrors and how they differ from each other. Optics exam2 and problem solutions physics tutorials. Should that not be a minus sign on the left hand side.
Reflection from spherical mirrors kindle education. Objectives mirrors o distinguish between concave and convex mirrors. Types of mirrors figure 1 shows the three types of mirrors we will consider. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Section summary the characteristics of an image formed by a flat mirror are. There is a similarity between the concave mirror and convex lens that is, in both a concave mirror as well as a convex lens the light converges at the focal point. Lenses lenses refract light in such a way that an image of the light source is formed. Image formation in a concave mirror place an object before a concave mirror for each of the following object positions shown below and obtain its image. All of them are segments of spheres centered on a horizontal axis.
We shall confine our discussion in this chapter to such lenses. One of the easiest shapes to analyze is the spherical mirror. Biconvex glass lens, spherical concave mirror, meter ruler, optical bench, lens holder, selfilluminated object generally a vertical arrow, screen. The lens of your eye or a camera collects and focuses light and forms an image on retina or a piece of film or digital detector. The purpose of this lab is to introduce students to some of the properties of thin lenses and mirrors. Real image is formed when the light reconvenes and always inverted i. Mar 06, 2015 ordinary mirrors reflect light over a broad range of frequencies, but a new mirror design can reflect a single frequency while allowing all others through. Lenses in optics applications types of lenses physics. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p this note covers the following topics. When light hits a surface at a low angle like on a lake at. Pdf optical images due to lenses and mirrors researchgate.
Convex mirrors also reflect light rays to form an image, but they do so in an opposite way to concave mirrors. Sells, elementary classical physics allyn and bacon, boston, 1973, second edition, vol. Two concave mirrors are placed on same principal axis. Lenses and mirrors a lens is a transparent device with two curved surfaces, usually made of glass or plastic, that uses refraction to form an image of an object. Ray 3 passes straight through the center of the lens. Rays of light parallel to the principal axis after reflection from a concave mirror meet at a point converge on the principal axis. If the object and image are the same distance from the mirror and magnification is 1, then as the object approaches the mirror at a certain speed, the image is approaching the plane mirror at the same speed, therefore you approach the image more.
Mirrors and lenses are used to produce the image of whatever placed in front of it. The goal of the experiment is to be able to analyze ray diagrams so as to determine fundamental properties of image formation. This type of image is called a virtual image, because light waves do not actually pass through that point, it only appears so. Unscramble the shaded letters to find the name of the man who placed a mirror on the moon so that scientists can measure its distance from the earth. Physics mirrors are where light can be reflected and reconvened to form images. Biconvex glass lens, spherical concave mirror, meter ruler, optical bench, lens holder, self. Choose your answers to the questions and click next to see the next set of questions. Ray hits the vertex of mirror 1 and reflects with same angle. This is a zipped folder containing a pdf and an editable version of each of the following. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. A mirror is usually of a glass or a metal, but a lens is of glass or plastic. This property has put mirrors and lenses in use for centuries. Use raytracing techniques to locate images formed by thin lenses.
With a converging lens, paraxial rays that are parallel to the principal axis converge to the focal point, f. Similarly, the convex mirror and concave lens diverge the light at the focal point. Mirrors and lenses both have the ability to reflect or refract light. Two different types of mirror are concave and convex mirror with different properties.
The same sort of rules apply, just with a few modifications. The terms concave and convex are from the perspective of the object. Apr 24, 2016 there are two types of spherical mirrors. As of 2010, mirrors and lenses are so prevalent that most people use them every day, regardless of whether or not they consciously perceive the use. Difference between mirror and lens with comparison chart.
The image distance for a plane mirror is always equal to the object distance because the magnification is 1. Geometric optics converging lenses and mirrors physics lab iv objective in this set of lab exercises, the basic properties geometric optics concerning converging lenses and mirrors will be explored. The same strategies are valid for mirrors as for lenses with one qualificationuse the ray tracing rules for mirrors listed earlier in this section. In this video i will introduce the objects, focal points, images of the converging and diverging lenses, and concave and convex mirrors. Objects inside focal length of curved mirrorsimage distance in the two situations shown, the mirrors have the same focal lengths, and the object distance from the mirror to the arrow is the same. Lenses remembering the basics of mirrors puts you half ways towards fully understanding lenses as well. Note that the focal point is in front of the mirror for concave, and behind it for convex, mirrors. App file and enter the values for the object and image distances. Typically such a mirror is not a complete sphere, but a spherical cap a piece sliced from a larger imaginary sphere with a single cut. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as xrays, microwaves. Keep in mind that for an object to be considered a lens it must be made of a transparent material that has an index of refraction higher than air. When the coated side faces a lighted room, some of the light reflects and some goes into a dark room behind the mirror, making it possible to see into the lighted room but not out. The law of reflection says that when a ray of light hits a surface, it bounces in a certain way, like a tennis ball thrown against a wall. Analysis of the geometry in ray diagrams for spherical curved mirrors and thin concave and convex lenses give us a relationship between the position.
The three types of images formed by mirrors cases 1, 2, and 3 are exactly analogous to those formed by lenses, as summarized in the table at the end of image formation by lenses. There are two types of lenses, and they each change the perspective of how things look. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Spherical mirrors summary the physics hypertextbook.
The primary goals are to understand the relationship between image distance, object distance, and image scale. In both cases, the object distance is less than the focal distance. Convex mirrors a convex mirroris a mirror that curves outwards. Mirrors and lenses physics science homework resources. Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Most mirrors used commercially are made of glass, with the rear surface silvered and then coated with a layer of paint or lacquer for protection. This metamirror, an array of subwavelength pieces of shaped metal embedded in a transparent medium, can also be made to reflect light in a chosen direction or focus it like a curved. The incoming angle, called the angle of incidence, is always equal to the angle leaving the surface, or the angle of reflection. Homework resources in mirrors and lenses physics science. In order to understand mirrors, we first must understand light. Just how much do you know about the different types of lenses and mirrors. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light.
The purpose of the lab is to test the predictions made by the ray diagrams and thin lens equations for real images produced by a converging lens and mirror. Or should it be a plus sign for mirrors and minus for lenses. The development of zeldovichs ideas on the cosmological impact of particle theory is discussed in the context of cosmoparticle physics, studying fundamental relationship of macro. Ordinary mirrors reflect light over a broad range of frequencies, but a new mirror design can reflect a single frequency while allowing all others through. Note the location, orientation upright or inverted, relative size larger or smaller than object. It is proven in introductory physics textbooks1 that the image and. Apply the thinlens equation and the mirror equation to determine the focal length of a converging lens and mirror. Plane mirrors science and mathematics education research group supported by ubc teaching and learning enhancement fund 20122014 department of curriculum and pedagogy a place of mind f a c u l t y o f e d u c a t i o n. What are the differences between real and virtual images. Light parallel to the principal axis a converges toward f after reflection from a concave mirror, and b diverges from f after reflection from a convex mirror. The intersection of at least two reflected rays give the correct position of image of the point object. In the two situations shown, the mirrors have the same focal lengths, and the object distance from the mirror to the arrow is the same. For plane flat mirrors, light is reflected according to the law of reflection.
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